Arch-Setup-Script/install.sh

#!/usr/bin/env -S bash -e

# Cleaning the TTY.
clear

# Updating the live environment
pacman -Syu

# Installing curl
pacman -S --noconfirm curl

# Selecting the kernel flavor to install. 
kernel_selector () {
    echo "List of kernels:"
    echo "1) Stable — Vanilla Linux kernel and modules, with a few patches applied."
    echo "2) Hardened — A security-focused Linux kernel."
    echo "3) Longterm — Long-term support (LTS) Linux kernel and modules."
    echo "4) Zen Kernel — Optimized for desktop usage."
    read -r -p "Insert the number of the corresponding kernel: " choice
    echo "$choice will be installed"
    case $choice in
        1 ) kernel=linux
            ;;
        2 ) kernel=linux-hardened
            ;;
        3 ) kernel=linux-lts
            ;;
        4 ) kernel=linux-zen
            ;;
        * ) echo "You did not enter a valid selection."
            kernel_selector
    esac
}

# Checking the microcode to install.
CPU=$(grep vendor_id /proc/cpuinfo)
if [[ $CPU == *"AuthenticAMD"* ]]; then
    microcode=amd-ucode
else
    microcode=intel-ucode
fi

# Selecting the target for the installation.
PS3="Select the disk where Arch Linux is going to be installed: "
select ENTRY in $(lsblk -dpnoNAME|grep -P "/dev/sd|nvme|vd");
do
    DISK=$ENTRY
    echo "Installing Arch Linux on $DISK."
    break
done

# Deleting old partition scheme.
read -r -p "This will delete the current partition table on $DISK. Do you agree [y/N]? " response
response=${response,,}
if [[ "$response" =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]; then
    wipefs -af "$DISK" &>/dev/null
    sgdisk -Zo "$DISK" &>/dev/null
else
    echo "Quitting."
    exit
fi

# Creating a new partition scheme.
echo "Creating new partition scheme on $DISK."
parted -s "$DISK" \
    mklabel gpt \
    mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 101MiB \
    set 1 esp on \
    mkpart cryptroot 101MiB 100% \

ESP="/dev/disk/by-partlabel/ESP"
cryptroot="/dev/disk/by-partlabel/cryptroot"

# Informing the Kernel of the changes.
echo "Informing the Kernel about the disk changes."
partprobe "$DISK"

# Formatting the ESP as FAT32.
echo "Formatting the EFI Partition as FAT32."
mkfs.fat -F 32 $ESP &>/dev/null

# Creating a LUKS Container for the root partition.
echo "Creating LUKS Container for the root partition."
cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks1 $cryptroot
echo "Opening the newly created LUKS Container."
cryptsetup open $cryptroot cryptroot
BTRFS="/dev/mapper/cryptroot"

# Formatting the LUKS Container as BTRFS.
echo "Formatting the LUKS container as BTRFS."
mkfs.btrfs $BTRFS &>/dev/null
mount $BTRFS /mnt

# Creating BTRFS subvolumes.
echo "Creating BTRFS subvolumes."
btrfs su cr /mnt/@ &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/.snapshots &>/dev/null
mkdir -p /mnt/@/.snapshots/1 &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/.snapshots/1/snapshot &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/boot/ &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/home &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/root &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/srv &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_log &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_log_journal &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_crash &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_cache &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_tmp &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_spool &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_lib_libvirt_images &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_lib_machines &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_lib_gdm &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/var_lib_AccountsService &>/dev/null
btrfs su cr /mnt/@/cryptkey &>/dev/null

chattr +C /mnt/@/boot
chattr +C /mnt/@/srv
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_log
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_log_journal
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_crash
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_cache
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_tmp
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_spool
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_lib_libvirt_images
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_lib_machines
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_lib_gdm
chattr +C /mnt/@/var_lib_AccountsService
chattr +C /mnt/@/cryptkey

#Set the default BTRFS Subvol to Snapshot 1 before pacstrapping
btrfs subvolume set-default "$(btrfs subvolume list /mnt | grep "@/.snapshots/1/snapshot" | grep -oP '(?<=ID )[0-9]+')" /mnt

cat << EOF >> /mnt/@/.snapshots/1/info.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<snapshot>
  <type>single</type>
  <num>1</num>
  <date>1999-03-31 0:00:00</date>
  <description>First Root Filesystem</description>
  <cleanup>number</cleanup>
</snapshot>
EOF

chmod 600 /mnt/@/.snapshots/1/info.xml

# Mounting the newly created subvolumes.
umount /mnt
echo "Mounting the newly created subvolumes."
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,compress=zstd:15 $BTRFS /mnt
mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,root,home,.snapshots,srv,tmp,/var/log,/var/log/journal,/var/crash,/var/cache,/var/tmp,/var/spool,/var/lib/libvirt/images,/var/lib/machines,/var/lib/gdm,/var/lib/AccountsService,/cryptkey}
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/boot $BTRFS /mnt/boot
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodev,nosuid,subvol=@/root $BTRFS /mnt/root 
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache.autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodev,nosuid,subvol=@/home $BTRFS /mnt/home
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,subvol=@/.snapshots $BTRFS /mnt/.snapshots
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache.autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,subvol=@/srv $BTRFS /mnt/srv
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_log $BTRFS /mnt/var/log

# Toolbox (https://github.com/containers/toolbox) needs /var/log/journal to have dev, suid, and exec. Thus I am splitting the subvolume.
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,subvol=@/var_log_journal $BTRFS /mnt/var/log/journal

mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_crash $BTRFS /mnt/var/crash
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_cache $BTRFS /mnt/var/cache

# Pamac needs /var/tmp to have exec. Thus I am not adding that flag.
# I am considering including pacmac-flatpak-gnome AUR package by default, since I am its maintainer.
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,subvol=@/var_tmp $BTRFS /mnt/var/tmp

mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_spool $BTRFS /mnt/var/spool
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_lib_libvirt_images $BTRFS /mnt/var/lib/libvirt/images
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_lib_machines $BTRFS /mnt/var/lib/machines

# GNOME requires /var/lib/gdm and /var/lib/AccountsService to be writeable when booting into a readonly snapshot. Thus we sadly have to split them.
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_lib_gdm $BTRFS /mnt/var/lib/gdm
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/var_lib_AccountsService $BTRFS /mnt/var/lib/AccountsService

# The encryption is splitted as we do not want to include it in the backup with snap-pac.
mount -o ssd,noatime,space_cache,autodefrag,compress=zstd:15,discard=async,nodatacow,nodev,nosuid,noexec,subvol=@/cryptkey $BTRFS /mnt/cryptkey

mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
mount -o nodev,nosuid,noexec $ESP /mnt/boot/efi

kernel_selector

# Pacstrap (setting up a base sytem onto the new root).
# As I said above, I am considering replacing gnome-software with pamac-flatpak-gnome as PackageKit seems very buggy on Arch Linux right now.
echo "Installing the base system (it may take a while)."
pacstrap /mnt base ${kernel} ${microcode} linux-firmware grub grub-btrfs snapper snap-pac snap-sync efibootmgr sudo networkmanager apparmor python2-notify python-psutil nano gdm gnome-control-center gnome-terminal gnome-software gnome-software-packagekit-plugin gnome-tweaks nautilus pipewire-pulse pipewire-alsa pipewire-jack flatpak firewalld zram-generator adobe-source-han-sans-otc-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-otc-fonts gnu-free-fonts reflector mlocate man-db

# Routing jack2 through PipeWire.
echo "/usr/lib/pipewire-0.3/jack" > /mnt/etc/ld.so.conf.d/pipewire-jack.conf

# Generating /etc/fstab.
echo "Generating a new fstab."
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
sed -i 's#,subvolid=258,subvol=/@/.snapshots/1/snapshot,subvol=@/.snapshots/1/snapshot##g' /mnt/etc/fstab

# Setting hostname.
read -r -p "Please enter the hostname: " hostname
echo "$hostname" > /mnt/etc/hostname

# Setting up locales.
read -r -p "Please insert the locale you use in this format (xx_XX): " locale
echo "$locale.UTF-8 UTF-8"  > /mnt/etc/locale.gen
echo "LANG=$locale.UTF-8" > /mnt/etc/locale.conf

# Setting up keyboard layout.
read -r -p "Please insert the keyboard layout you use: " kblayout
echo "KEYMAP=$kblayout" > /mnt/etc/vconsole.conf

# Setting hosts file.
echo "Setting hosts file."
cat > /mnt/etc/hosts <<EOF
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1         localhost
127.0.1.1   $hostname.localdomain   $hostname
EOF

# Configuring /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
echo "Configuring /etc/mkinitcpio for ZSTD compression and LUKS hook."
sed -i 's,#COMPRESSION="zstd",COMPRESSION="zstd",g' /mnt/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
sed -i 's,modconf block filesystems keyboard,keyboard modconf block encrypt filesystems,g' /mnt/etc/mkinitcpio.conf

# Enabling LUKS in GRUB and setting the UUID of the LUKS container.
UUID=$(blkid $cryptroot | cut -f2 -d'"')
sed -i 's/#\(GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y\)/\1/' /mnt/etc/default/grub
echo "" >> /mnt/etc/default/grub
echo -e "# Booting with BTRFS subvolume\nGRUB_BTRFS_OVERRIDE_BOOT_PARTITION_DETECTION=true" >> /mnt/etc/default/grub
sed -i 's#rootflags=subvol=${rootsubvol}##g' /mnt/etc/grub.d/10_linux
sed -i 's#rootflags=subvol=${rootsubvol}##g' /mnt/etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen

# Enabling CPU Mitigations
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Whonix/security-misc/master/etc/default/grub.d/40_cpu_mitigations.cfg >> /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_cpu_mitigations

# Distrusting the CPU
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Whonix/security-misc/master/etc/default/grub.d/40_distrust_cpu.cfg >> /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_distrust_cpu

# Enabling IOMMU
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Whonix/security-misc/master/etc/default/grub.d/40_enable_iommu.cfg >> /mnt/etc/grub.d/40_enable_iommu

# Setting GRUB configuration file permissions
chmod 755 /mnt/etc/grub.d/*

# Adding keyfile to the initramfs to avoid double password.
dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/mnt/cryptkey/.root.key iflag=fullblock &>/dev/null
chmod 000 /mnt/cryptkey/.root.key &>/dev/null
cryptsetup -v luksAddKey /dev/disk/by-partlabel/cryptroot /mnt/cryptkey/.root.key
sed -i "s#quiet#cryptdevice=UUID=$UUID:cryptroot root=$BTRFS lsm=landlock,lockdown,yama,apparmor,bpf cryptkey=rootfs:/cryptkey/.root.key#g" /mnt/etc/default/grub
sed -i 's#FILES=()#FILES=(/cryptkey/.root.key)#g' /mnt/etc/mkinitcpio.conf

# Configure AppArmor Parser caching
sed -i 's/#write-cache/write-cache/g' /etc/apparmor/parser.conf
sed -i 's,#Include /etc/apparmor.d/,Include /etc/apparmor.d/#g' /etc/apparmor/parser.conf

# Blacklisting kernel modules
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Whonix/security-misc/master/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc.conf >> /mnt/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc.conf
chmod 600 /mnt/etc/modprobe.d/*

# Security kernel settings.
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Whonix/security-misc/master/etc/sysctl.d/30_security-misc.conf >> /mnt/etc/sysctl.d/30_security-misc.conf
sed -i 's/kernel.yama.ptrace_scope=2/kernel.yama.ptrace_scope=3/g' /mnt/etc/sysctl.d/30_security-misc.conf
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Whonix/security-misc/master/etc/sysctl.d/30_silent-kernel-printk.conf >> /mnt/etc/sysctl.d/30_silent-kernel-printk.conf
chmod 600 /mnt/etc/sysctl.d/*

# IO udev rules
curl https://gitlab.com/garuda-linux/themes-and-settings/settings/garuda-common-settings/-/raw/master/etc/udev/rules.d/50-sata.rules > /mnt/etc/udev/rules.d/50-sata.rules
curl https://gitlab.com/garuda-linux/themes-and-settings/settings/garuda-common-settings/-/raw/master/etc/udev/rules.d/60-ioschedulers.rules > /etc/udev/rules.d/60-ioschedulers.rules
chmod 600 /mnt/etc/udev/rules.d/*

# Remove nullok from system-auth
sed -i 's/nullok//g' /mnt/etc/pam.d/system-auth

# ZRAM configuration
bash -c 'cat > /mnt/etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf' <<-'EOF'
[zram0]
zram-fraction = 1
max-zram-size = 8192
EOF

# Randomize Mac Address.
bash -c 'cat > /mnt/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf' <<-'EOF'
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=yes
[connection]
wifi.cloned-mac-address=random
ethernet.cloned-mac-address=random
connection.stable-id=${CONNECTION}/${BOOT}
EOF

chmod 600 /mnt/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/00-macrandomize.conf

# Disable Connectivity Check.
bash -c 'cat > /mnt/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/20-connectivity.conf' <<-'EOF'
[connectivity]
uri=http://www.archlinux.org/check_network_status.txt
interval=0
EOF

chmod 600 /mnt/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/20-connectivity.conf

# Configuring the system.    
arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash -e <<EOF
    
    # Setting up timezone.
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$(curl -s http://ip-api.com/line?fields=timezone) /etc/localtime &>/dev/null
    
    # Setting up clock.
    hwclock --systohc
    
    # Generating locales.
    echo "Generating locales."
    locale-gen &>/dev/null
    
    # Generating a new initramfs.
    echo "Creating a new initramfs."
    chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux* &>/dev/null
    mkinitcpio -P &>/dev/null

    # Snapper configuration
    umount /.snapshots
    rm -r /.snapshots
    snapper --no-dbus -c root create-config /
    btrfs subvolume delete /.snapshots
    mkdir /.snapshots
    mount -a
    chmod 750 /.snapshots

    # Installing GRUB.
    echo "Installing GRUB on /boot."
    grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB --modules="normal test efi_gop efi_uga search echo linux all_video gfxmenu gfxterm_background gfxterm_menu gfxterm loadenv configfile gzio part_gtp cryptodisk luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha256 btrfs" --disable-shim-lock &>/dev/null
    
    # Creating grub config file.
    echo "Creating GRUB config file."
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg &>/dev/null

    #Creating wheel user
    read -r -p "Please choose an admin user to create: " USER
    echo "Creating user $USER"
    useradd -m -g wheel $USER
    passwd ${USER}
    groupadd -r audit
    gpasswd -a ${USER} audit
EOF

# Enanble AppArmor notifications
bash -c 'cat > /mnt/home/${USER}/.config/autostart/apparmor-notify.desktop' <<-'EOF'
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=AppArmor Notify
Comment=Receive on screen notifications of AppArmor denials
TryExec=aa-notify
Exec=aa-notify -p -s 1 -w 60 -f /var/log/audit/audit.log
StartupNotify=false
NoDisplay=true
EOF

# Giving wheel user sudo access.
sed -i 's/# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL/%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL/g' /mnt/etc/sudoers

# Change audit logging group
echo "log_group = audit" >> /etc/audit/auditd.conf

# Enabling audit service.
systemctl enable auditd --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling auto-trimming service.
systemctl enable fstrim.timer --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling NetworkManager service.
echo "Enabling NetworkManager"
systemctl enable NetworkManager --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling GDM.
systemctl enable gdm --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling AppArmor.
echo "Enabling AppArmor."
systemctl enable apparmor --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling Firewalld.
echo "Enabling Firewalld."
systemctl enable firewalld --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling Bluetooth Service (This is only to fix the visual glitch with gnome where it gets stuck in the menu at the top right).
# IF YOU WANT TO USE BLUETOOTH, YOU MUST REMOVE IT FROM THE LIST OF BLACKLISTED KERNEL MODULES IN /mnt/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc.conf
systemctl enable bluetooth --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling Reflector timer.
echo "Enabling Reflector."
systemctl enable reflector.timer --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling systemd-oomd.
echo "Enabling systemd-oomd."
systemctl enable systemd-oomd --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Enabling Snapper automatic snapshots.
echo "Enabling Snapper and automatic snapshots entries."
systemctl enable snapper-timeline.timer --root=/mnt &>/dev/null
systemctl enable snapper-cleanup.timer --root=/mnt &>/dev/null
systemctl enable grub-btrfs.path --root=/mnt &>/dev/null

# Setting umask to 077.
sed -i 's/022/077/g' /mnt/etc/profile
echo "" >> /mnt/etc/bash.bashrc
echo "umask 077" >> /mnt/etc/bash.bashrc

# Finishing up
echo "Done, you may now wish to reboot (further changes can be done by chrooting into /mnt)."
exit